Outsourcing Swimming Education—Experiences and Challenges

Bjørn Harald Olstad, Pernille Ravn Berg and Per-Ludvik Kjendlie
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Bjørn Harald Olstad: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway
Pernille Ravn Berg: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway
Per-Ludvik Kjendlie: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: In Norway, swimming and lifesaving education (swimming education) is an obligatory part of physical education, with explicit learning aims after grade four. After recent reports of Norwegian pupils achieving low scores in swimming abilities, the Government has outlined strategies for improving swimming education. There is a notable trend toward using external providers in delivering swimming education. This article examines the outsourcing of swimming education in Norwegian primary schools. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with school leaders, physical education teachers and swimming instructors involved in outsourcing arrangements. The outsourcing was organized through private providers, municipalities, or local swimming clubs. Data were analyzed thematically and separated into highlighted areas of outsourcing practices. The results showed that outsourcing may be a solution for schools that lack staff with swimming experience and knowledge. It also indicates that teacher courses, professional development through collaboration, and strategies for measuring quality would improve swimming education.

Keywords: external providers; physical education; swimming abilities; elementary school; pedagogy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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