Factors Associated with Free Hospital Outpatient Service Use among Middle-Aged and Older Urban Homeless Adults in Taipei

Lan-Ping Lin, Li-Yun Wang, Tai-Wen Wang, Yun-Cheng Chen and Jin-Ding Lin
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Lan-Ping Lin: Department of Senior Citizen Care and Welfare, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203, Taiwan
Li-Yun Wang: Department of Family Studies and Child Development, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
Tai-Wen Wang: School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
Yun-Cheng Chen: School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
Jin-Ding Lin: Department of Family Studies and Child Development, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 10, 1-12

Abstract: Homeless individuals have many negative experiences with inequality regarding access to and the use of primary healthcare services, so policies to eliminate the disparities in and barriers to primary care access for these people are needed. The aim of this study was to explore the use and determinants of free hospital outpatient services for homeless people, in order to describe the provision of free healthcare policies for this vulnerable population in Taipei. One cross-sectional survey was conducted to recruit homeless people aged 45 years old and over in Taipei in 2018. A structured questionnaire was used, and face-to-face interviews were conducted by three social workers to collect the data. Finally, 129 participants were recruited in the study. The results show that 81.4% of the homeless people had made free hospital outpatient care visits (mean = 5.9 visits) in the last three months. An unadjusted logistic regression analysis showed that those homeless people who reported having usual healthcare providers, with higher depressive symptom scores, who used medication and had been hospitalized within one year, and had more chronic diseases, were significantly more likely to make free hospital outpatient visits. The adjusted logistic regression model indicates that homeless people with severe depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 9.32, 95% CI = 1.15–56.07), who had received medication (OR = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.06–14.52), and who had more than five chronic diseases (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.35–13.27), were significantly more likely to make free hospital outpatient visits than their counterparts. The findings highlight that homeless people have higher healthcare requirements than the general population, and the healthcare system should pay more attention to factors associated with higher outpatient service use, such as homelessness, severe depressive symptoms, the receipt of medication and chronic diseases.

Keywords: homeless; outpatient; healthcare utilization; Andersen model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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