Effects of Green Color Exposure on Stress, Anxiety, and Pain during Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Dental Patients Requiring Sedation

Yukihiko Takemura, Kanta Kido, Hiromasa Kawana, Tatsuo Yamamoto, Takuro Sanuki and Yoshiharu Mukai
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Yukihiko Takemura: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
Kanta Kido: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
Hiromasa Kawana: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
Tatsuo Yamamoto: Department of Dental Sociology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
Takuro Sanuki: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan
Yoshiharu Mukai: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-9

Abstract: Intravenous cannulation is an invasive procedure that causes stress, anxiety, and pain for many patients. A recent animal study found that exposure to green light induced antinociceptive and anxiolytic effects. This study examined whether green color exposure reduced stress, anxiety, and pain during peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIC) for sedation in dental patients. In this controlled clinical trial, 24 patients (mean age 40.9 years) were randomized to wear clear glasses or green-colored glasses for 15 min before PIC on two separate days in a cross-over manner. The primary outcome measures were salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity and stress-related hemodynamic changes, and the secondary outcome measures were the visual analog scale anxiety (VAS-A) and pain (VAS-P) scores during PIC. The sAA level in the clear group significantly increased during PIC compared with baseline, but did not increase in the green group. Median VAS-P scores during PIC were lower in the green group than in the clear group (VAS-P, 17.0 vs. 50.0). Green color exposure with glasses significantly reduced stress and pain during PIC without any adverse effects. This simple, safe, and effective method may be useful during painful medical procedures.

Keywords: anxiety; pain; salivary alpha-amylase; peripheral intravenous cannulation; green color exposure; visual analog scale (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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