Biological Age in Relation to Somatic, Physiological, and Swimming Kinematic Indices as Predictors of 100 m Front Crawl Performance in Young Female Swimmers

Kamil Sokołowski, Marek Strzała, Arkadiusz Stanula, Łukasz Kryst, Artur Radecki-Pawlik, Piotr Krężałek, Thomas Rosemann and Beat Knechtle
Additional contact information
Kamil Sokołowski: Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland
Marek Strzała: Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland
Arkadiusz Stanula: Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
Łukasz Kryst: Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland
Artur Radecki-Pawlik: Institute of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
Piotr Krężałek: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-541 Kraków, Poland
Thomas Rosemann: Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Beat Knechtle: Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-12

Abstract: Background: Some swimmers reach high performance level at a relatively young age. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between adolescent female swimmers’ 100 m front crawl race ( V t o t a l 100 ) and several anthropometry, body composition, and physiological and specific strength indices. Methods: Nineteen adolescent female swimmers were examined for biological age ( BA ) and body composition. Oxygen uptake was measured during water-flume stage-test front crawl swimming with ventilatory thresholds examination. Specific strength indices were assessed during 30 s of tethered swimming. Stroke rate ( SR ), stroke length ( SL ), and stroke index ( SI ) were also examined. Results: BA was strongly correlated with anthropometrics and tethered swimming strength indices, and showed moderate to strong correlation with ventilatory thresholds. Speed of swimming in the race was moderately to largely correlated with speed at V ? O 2 m a x ? V V ? O 2 m a x (r = 0.47–0.55; p < 0.05)—ventilatory thresholds ( V A T , V R C P ) (r = 0.50–0.85; p < 0.05), SL (r = 0.58–0.62; p < 0.05), and SI (r = 0.79–0.81; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Results confirmed a significant role of biological maturation mediation on body composition and body size, ventilatory indices, and specific strength indices. BA was not a significant mediation factor influencing the swimming kinematics ( SL, SI ) and speeds of V A T , V R C P or V V ? O 2 m a x , which were strong predictors of the 100 m race.

Keywords: female adolescents; biological maturation; swimming flume; ventilatory thresholds; front crawl swimming (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/6062/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/11/6062/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6062-:d:568941

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().