Mental Health among Spanish Adults with Diabetes: Findings from a Population-Based Case–Controlled Study

Marta Lopez-Herranz, Rodrigo Jiménez-García, Zichen Ji, Javier de Miguel-Diez, David Carabantes-Alarcon, Clara Maestre-Miquel, José J. Zamorano-León and Ana López- de-Andrés
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Marta Lopez-Herranz: Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Rodrigo Jiménez-García: Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Zichen Ji: Respiratory Care Department, Health Research Institute of the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Complutense University of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
Javier de Miguel-Diez: Respiratory Care Department, Health Research Institute of the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Complutense University of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
David Carabantes-Alarcon: Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Clara Maestre-Miquel: School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla–La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
José J. Zamorano-León: Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Ana López- de-Andrés: Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-15

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of self-reported mental disorders, psychological distress, and psychotropic drug consumption among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and matched non-DM controls. Methods: A case–controlled study using data from the Spanish National Health Interview Survey was conducted in 2017. We identified 2116 DM adults (aged ?35 years). Non-DM controls were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and province of residence. Results: Prevalence of mental disorders (25.0% vs. 19.2%; p < 0.001), psychological distress (29% vs. 19.5%; p < 0.001), and consumption of psychiatric medications (29.7% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001) among DM cases were higher than those among matched non-DM controls. The DM patient variables associated with experiencing a mental disorder, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications were: being a woman, worse self-rated health, and a visit to a psychologist within the last year. Older age (?80 years) was associated with a lower probability of reporting mental disorders and psychological distress among DM cases. Not practicing physical exercise was significantly associated with experiencing psychological distress. Conclusions: Adults with DM included in our investigation have a significantly higher prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications than non-DM controls. It is necessary to implement screening strategies and psychological interventions to improve the mental health of DM patients in Spain, focusing especially on women and those aged 35 to 59 years.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; mental disorders; psychological distress; psychotropic drugs; prevalence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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