Repurposing an EMG Biofeedback Device for Gait Rehabilitation: Development, Validity and Reliability

Reza Koiler, Elham Bakhshipour, Joseph Glutting, Amy Lalime, Dexter Kofa and Nancy Getchell
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Reza Koiler: Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Elham Bakhshipour: Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Joseph Glutting: School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Amy Lalime: Product & Marketing Manager, mTrigger, LLC, Newark, DE 19713, USA
Dexter Kofa: Dexter Kofa, Mobile App Developer, Philadelphia, PA 19120, USA
Nancy Getchell: Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-17

Abstract: Gait impairment often limits physical activity and negatively impacts quality of life. EMG-Biofeedback (EMG-BFB), one of the more effective interventions for improving gait impairment, has been limited to laboratory use due to system costs and technical requirements, and has therefore not been tested on a larger scale. In our research, we aimed to develop and validate a cost-effective, commercially available EMG-BFB device for home- and community-based use. We began by repurposing mTrigger ® (mTrigger LLC, Newark, DE, USA), a cost-effective, portable EMG-BFB device, for gait application. This included developing features in the cellphone app such as step feedback, success rate, muscle activity calibration, and cloud integration. Next, we tested the validity and reliability of the mTrigger device in healthy adults by comparing it to a laboratory-grade EMG system. While wearing both devices, 32 adults walked overground and on a treadmill at four speeds (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 m/s). Statistical analysis revealed good to excellent test–retest reliability (r > 0.89) and good to excellent agreement in the detection of steps (ICC > 0.85) at all speeds between two systems for treadmill walking. Our results indicated that mTrigger compared favorably to a laboratory-grade EMG system in the ability to assess muscular activity and to provide biofeedback during walking in healthy adults.

Keywords: EMG biofeedback; gait; rehabilitation; measurement (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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