Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

Annette M. Krais, Julie Y. Essig, Louise Gren, Carolina Vogs, Eva Assarsson, Katrin Dierschke, Jörn Nielsen, Bo Strandberg, Joakim Pagels, Karin Broberg, Christian H. Lindh, Anders Gudmundsson and Aneta Wierzbicka
Additional contact information
Annette M. Krais: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Julie Y. Essig: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Louise Gren: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
Carolina Vogs: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Eva Assarsson: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Katrin Dierschke: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Jörn Nielsen: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Bo Strandberg: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Joakim Pagels: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
Karin Broberg: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Christian H. Lindh: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Anders Gudmundsson: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
Aneta Wierzbicka: Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-15

Abstract: Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) is a renewable diesel fuel used to replace petroleum diesel. The organic compounds in HVO are poorly characterized; therefore, toxicological properties could be different from petroleum diesel exhaust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure and effective biomarkers in 18 individuals after short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust and petroleum diesel exhaust fumes. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze urinary biomarkers. A proximity extension assay was used for the measurement of inflammatory proteins in plasma samples. Short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust (PM 1 ~1 µg/m 3 and ~90 µg/m 3 for vehicles with and without exhaust aftertreatment systems, respectively) did not increase any exposure biomarker, whereas petroleum diesel exhaust (PM 1 ~300 µg/m 3 ) increased urinary 4-MHA, a biomarker for p -xylene. HVO exhaust from the vehicle without exhaust aftertreatment system increased urinary 4-HNE-MA, a biomarker for lipid peroxidation, from 64 ng/mL urine (before exposure) to 141 ng/mL (24 h after exposure, p < 0.001). There was no differential expression of plasma inflammatory proteins between the HVO exhaust and control exposure group. In conclusion, short-term exposure to low concentrations of HVO exhaust did not increase urinary exposure biomarkers, but caused a slight increase in lipid peroxidation associated with the particle fraction.

Keywords: renewable diesel; HVO; exposure studies; biomarkers; aerosol; lipid peroxidation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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