Early Nutritional Education in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity

Mario Gato-Moreno, María F. Martos-Lirio, Isabel Leiva-Gea, M. Rosa Bernal-López, Fernando Vegas-Toro, María C. Fernández-Tenreiro and Juan P. López-Siguero
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Mario Gato-Moreno: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain
María F. Martos-Lirio: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain
Isabel Leiva-Gea: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain
M. Rosa Bernal-López: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fernando Vegas-Toro: Ministry of Education and Sports, 29002 Málaga, Spain
María C. Fernández-Tenreiro: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain
Juan P. López-Siguero: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Málaga, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-10

Abstract: Early childhood is a critical period for obesity prevention. This randomized controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention preventing obesity in preschool-age children. A nutritional education intervention, with a follow-up session one year later, was conducted with parents of children aged 3 to 4 years of public schools in the province of Málaga. The main outcome variable was the body mass index z-score (zBMI). The prevalence of overweight or obesity was the secondary outcome variable. The sample comprised 261 students (control group = 139). Initial BMI, weight, height-for-age and prevalence of overweight and obesity were similar for both groups. After the first year of the intervention, the zBMI of the intervention group decreased significantly from 0.23 to 0.10 ( p = 0.002), and the subgroup of patients with baseline zBMI above the median decreased from 1 to 0.72 ( p = 0.001), and in the second year from 1.01 to 0.73 ( p = 0.002). The joint prevalence of overweight and obesity increased in the control group (12.2% to 20.1%; p = 0.027), while in the intervention group, there were no significant changes. This preschool educational intervention with parents improved their children’s BMI, especially those with a higher BMI for their age, and favored the prevention of overweight or obesity.

Keywords: body mass index; overweight; childhood obesity; preschool; early intervention; educational; healthy diet; prevention; pediatric obesity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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