Concentrations of Seven Phthalate Monoesters in Infants and Toddlers Quantified in Urine Extracted from Diapers

Fiorella Lucarini, Marc Blanchard, Tropoja Krasniqi, Nicolas Duda, Gaëlle Bailat Rosset, Alessandro Ceschi, Nicolas Roth, Nancy B. Hopf, Marie-Christine Broillet and Davide Staedler
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Fiorella Lucarini: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Marc Blanchard: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Tropoja Krasniqi: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Nicolas Duda: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Gaëlle Bailat Rosset: Scitec Research SA, Av. De Provence 18, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
Alessandro Ceschi: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
Nicolas Roth: Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
Nancy B. Hopf: Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
Marie-Christine Broillet: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Davide Staedler: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-14

Abstract: Carrying out exposure studies on children who are not toilet trained is challenging because of the difficulty of urine sampling. In this study, we optimized a protocol for urine collection from disposable diapers for the analysis of phthalate metabolites. The exposure of Swiss children ( n = 113) between 6 months and 3 years of life to seven phthalates was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements. The study showed limited exposures to phthalates, with only 22% of the samples containing some of the metabolites investigated. The three most frequently detected metabolites were monoethyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, and mono-benzyl phthalate. We also detected mono- n -octyl phthalate and mono(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate, which have rarely been observed in urine from infants and toddlers; therefore, di-n-octyl phthalate and bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate can be considered as potentially new emerging phthalates. This study presents an initial snapshot of the Swiss children’s exposure to phthalates and provides a promising approach for further phthalate biomonitoring studies on young children using disposable diapers as urine sampling technique.

Keywords: phthalates; urine; endocrine disruptors; biomonitoring; children’s exposure; children’s health; emerging contaminants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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