Use of the Bacterial Lysate OM-85 in the Paediatric Population in Italy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Anna Cantarutti, Elisa Barbieri, Antonio Scamarcia, Luigi Cantarutti, Cristina Canova and Carlo Giaquinto
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Anna Cantarutti: Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
Elisa Barbieri: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
Antonio Scamarcia: Società Servizi Telematici-Pedianet, 35121 Padua, Italy
Luigi Cantarutti: Società Servizi Telematici-Pedianet, 35121 Padua, Italy
Cristina Canova: Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
Carlo Giaquinto: Società Servizi Telematici-Pedianet, 35121 Padua, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-9

Abstract: Background: In Italy, the bacterial lysate OM-85 (Broncho-Vaxom ® , Broncho-Munal ® , Ommunal ® , Paxoral ® , Vaxoral ® ) is registered for the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in adults and children above one year of age, but there are limited data on its use in the paediatric population. We aim to estimate the impact of OM-85 treatment on RTIs and antibiotic prescriptions in children. Methods: This study included children aged 1 to 14 years enrolled in Pedianet, a paediatric general practice research database, from January 2007 to June 2017, having at least one prescription of OM-85. Children with less than 12 months of follow-up before (PRE period) and after (POST period) the OM-85 prescription were excluded. The frequency of antibiotic prescriptions and the frequency of RTI episodes in the PRE and POST periods were compared through the post-hoc test. Subgroup analysis was performed in children with recurrent RTIs. Results: 1091 children received 1382 OM-85 prescriptions for a total follow-up of 619,525.5 person-years. Overall, antibiotic prescriptions decreased from a mean of 2.8 (SD (standard deviation) 2.7) prescriptions in the PRE period to a mean of 2.2 (SD 2.6) prescriptions in the POST period ( p < 0.0001). RTIs decreased from a mean of 3.4 (SD 2.9) episodes in the PRE period to a mean of 2.5 (SD 2.6) episodes in the POST period ( p < 0.0001). No change in antibiotic class was noted, and co-amoxiclav remained the preferred therapy in 28% of cases, followed by amoxicillin. These results were confirmed among children with recurrent RTIs. Conclusions: OM-85 is effective in preventing both antibiotic prescriptions and RTIs in children.

Keywords: OM-85; respiratory tract infections; paediatric primary care (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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