Effects of Gadolinium Deposits in the Cerebellum: Reviewing the Literature from In Vitro Laboratory Studies to In Vivo Human Investigations

Miski Aghnia Khairinisa, Winda Ariyani, Yoshito Tsushima and Noriyuki Koibuchi
Additional contact information
Miski Aghnia Khairinisa: Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
Winda Ariyani: Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
Yoshito Tsushima: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
Noriyuki Koibuchi: Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-12

Abstract: Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are chemicals injected intravenously during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the diagnostic yield. The repeated use of GBCAs can cause their deposition in the brain, including the cerebellum. Such deposition may affect various cell subsets in the brain and consequently cause behavioral alterations due to neurotoxicity. Caution should thus be exercised in using these agents, particularly in patients who are more likely to have repeated enhanced MRIs during their lifespan. Further studies are required to clarify the toxicity of GBCAs, and potential mechanisms causing neurotoxicity have recently been reported. This review introduces the effects of GBCAs in the cerebellum obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies and considers the possible mechanisms of neurotoxicity involved.

Keywords: gadolinium; cerebellar development; neurotoxicity; thyroid hormone (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7214/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7214/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7214-:d:589119

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().