Testing the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption Models in Egypt

Haider Mahmood, Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, Muhammad Tanveer and Doaa H. I. Mahmoud
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Haider Mahmood: Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb: Department of Agricultural Economics, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
Muhammad Tanveer: Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Doaa H. I. Mahmoud: Economics and Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-17

Abstract: The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) association between income and pollution emissions proxies has been extensively tested in the environmental literature. However, testing of the energy-EKC is scanty. This present research examined the energy–EKC in the cubic relationship of economic growth and different renewable and nonrenewable energy proxies in Egypt from 1965–2019. In the long run, we corroborate the N-shaped relationships in the case of primary energy, oil, and coal consumption models, and confirm the long run energy–EKC association in these energy proxies. Moreover, we find turning points of the N-curve for these energy sources in 1998, 2000, and 1979–2005, in primary energy, oil, and coal consumption models, respectively. Hence, economic growth is responsible for increasing nonrenewable energy consumption and has environmental consequences in Egypt. In the short run, we find N-shaped relationships in the case of primary energy, oil, and coal consumption. Further, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship in the case of natural gas consumption. In addition, we corroborate an inverted N-shaped relationship in the case of hydroelectricity consumption, a renewable energy source. Hence, we confirm the short-run energy–EKC relationship in all investigated renewable and nonrenewable energy proxies.

Keywords: energy-EKC; economic growth; primary energy consumption; oil; coal; and natural gas consumption; hydroelectricity consumption (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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