Salivary Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Smoking Status Influences the Treatment Effectiveness of Periodontal Disease Patients with Hypertension

Kun-Tsung Lee, Zhu-Ling Guo, Nai-Chia Teng, Kuei-Ling Christine Hsu, I-Hui Chen, Chang-Yu Lee, Hung-Ming Chang and Yung-Kai Huang
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Kun-Tsung Lee: Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
Zhu-Ling Guo: Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
Nai-Chia Teng: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
Kuei-Ling Christine Hsu: Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
I-Hui Chen: Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
Chang-Yu Lee: Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
Hung-Ming Chang: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
Yung-Kai Huang: Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-12

Abstract: Background: Hypertension and periodontal diseases share several risk factors. Inflammation biomarkers in saliva are related to hypertension and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the salivary inflammatory biomarkers in the treatment effectiveness of patients with hypertension and periodontal disease. Methods: This observational study enrolled 160 subjects diagnosed with periodontitis, 40 of which had a history of hypertension. All subjects had completed scaling and root planning therapeutic procedures within four weeks. The clinical periodontal parameters (i.e., bleeding on probing, plaque control record (PCR), and probing depth (PD)) were evaluated before and after the treatment. Pro-inflammatory markers were determined using a commercial kit. Results: The recovery rate (PD 4–9 mm) in non-hypertensive subjects was significantly higher than in hypertensive subjects (60.47% vs. 52.60%, respectively; p = 0.04). All clinical parameters, excluding PCR, positively correlated with salivary IL-1? at baseline and after completing treatment. Our results showed that increased salivary IL-1? levels were positively associated with decreased PCR (? = ?27.65 and p = 0.05) and PD recovery rate (? = ?17.05 and p = 0.02) in hypertensive subjects. Conclusions: The present study sheds important light on the clinical use of salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines as valuable biomarkers for predicting the treatment effectiveness of patients suffering from hypertension and periodontitis.

Keywords: inflammation and innate immunity; scaling and root planning; non-surgical periodontal therapy; cytokine(s); plaque control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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