Going “Up” to Move Forward: S-1 Bifactor Models and the Study of Neurocognitive Abilities in Psychopathology

Darren Haywood, Frank D. Baughman, Barbara A. Mullan and Karen R. Heslop
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Darren Haywood: Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
Frank D. Baughman: Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
Barbara A. Mullan: Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
Karen R. Heslop: Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-15

Abstract: Recently, structural models of psychopathology, that address the diagnostic stability and comorbidity issues of the traditional nosological approach, have dominated much of the psychopathology literature. Structural approaches have given rise to the p -factor, which is claimed to reflect an individual’s propensity toward all common psychopathological symptoms. Neurocognitive abilities are argued to be important to the development and maintenance of a wide range of disorders, and have been suggested as an important driver of the p -factor. However, recent evidence argues against p being an interpretable substantive construct, limiting conclusions that can be drawn from associations between p , the specific factors of a psychopathology model, and neurocognitive abilities. Here, we argue for the use of the S-1 bifactor approach, where the general factor is defined by neurocognitive abilities, to explore the association between neurocognitive performance and a wide range of psychopathological symptoms. We use simulation techniques to give examples of how S-1 bifactor models can be used to examine this relationship, and how the results can be interpreted.

Keywords: S-1 bifactor; bifactor; S-1; neurocognition; executive functioning; intelligence; IQ; psychopathology; p -factor; CFA; simulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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