Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Essential Oil in Human Normal Liver Cell Line L02 via the Endogenous Mitochondrial Pathway Rather Than the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Xiao-Ying Wang, Jun-Mei Hao, Qiu-Rong Ren, Hai-Ying Li, Jing-Song Wu, Xiao-Huan Zhu, Jin-Yao Chen, Ya-Nan Wang and Li-Shi Zhang
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Xiao-Ying Wang: West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
Jun-Mei Hao: College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
Qiu-Rong Ren: College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
Hai-Ying Li: College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
Jing-Song Wu: College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
Xiao-Huan Zhu: College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
Jin-Yao Chen: West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
Ya-Nan Wang: College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
Li-Shi Zhang: West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-11

Abstract: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. ( C. ambrosioides) has been used as dietary condiments and as traditional medicine in South America. The oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. ( C. ambrosioides) can be used as a natural antioxidant in food processing. It also has analgesic, sedating, and deworming effects, and can be used along with the whole plant for its medical effects: decongestion, as an insecticide, and to offer menstruation pain relief. This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis effects of an essential oil from C. ambrosioides in vitro. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the essential oil from C. ambrosioides on human normal liver cell line L02 was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. AO/EB dual fluorescent staining assay and Annexin V-FITC were used for apoptosis analysis. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed with 5,5,6,6?-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3,-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dye under a fluorescence microscope. The level of apoptosis related protein expression was quantified by Western blot. The L02 cells were treated with the essential oil from C. ambrosioides at 24, 48, and 72 h, and the IC 50 values were 65.45, 58.03, and 35.47 ?g/mL, respectively. The AO/EB staining showed that viable apoptotic cells, non-viable apoptotic cells, and non-viable non-apoptotic cells appeared among the L02 cells under the fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle arrest at the S phase and cell apoptosis increased through flow cytometry in the L02 cells treated with the essential oil. MMP decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, as seen through JC-1 staining under the fluorescence microscope. In the L02 cells as shown by Western blot and qPCR, the amount of the apoptosis-related proteins and the mRNA expression levels of cytochrome C, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 increased, Bcl-2 decreased, and Caspase-12, which is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, showed no obvious changes in protein amount or mRNA expression level. The essential oil form C. ambrosioides had a cytotoxic effect on L02 cells. It could inhibit L02 cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle at the S phase, and induce L02 cell apoptosis through the endogenous mitochondrial pathway.

Keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides L.; essential oil; cytotoxicity; apoptosis; endogenous mitochondrial pathway (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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