BDNF Impact on Biological Markers of Depression—Role of Physical Exercise and Training

Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz, Mona Wiatr, Maria Ciałowicz, Gilmara Gomes de Assis, Wojciech Borowicz, Silvia Rocha-Rodrigues, Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz and Adilson Marques
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Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz: Physiology and Biochemistry Department, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
Mona Wiatr: Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Faculty, Medical University in Wroclaw, 50-355 Wroclaw, Poland
Maria Ciałowicz: Physiotherapy Faculty, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
Gilmara Gomes de Assis: Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
Wojciech Borowicz: Neurological Diseases Department, Medical University in Wroclaw, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
Silvia Rocha-Rodrigues: Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz: Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Faculty, Medical University in Wroclaw, 50-355 Wroclaw, Poland
Adilson Marques: CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-21

Abstract: Depression is the most common and devastating psychiatric disorder in the world. Its symptoms, especially during the pandemic, are observed in all age groups. Exercise training (ET) is well known as a non-pharmacological strategy to alleviate clinical depression. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the biological factors whose expression and secretion are intensified in response to ET. BDNF is also secreted by contracted skeletal muscle that likely exerts para-, auto- and endocrine effects, supporting the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other distant organs/tissues, such as the nervous system. This finding suggests that they communicate and work together to induce improvements on mood, cognition, and learning processes as BDNF is the main player in the neurogenesis, growth, and survival of neurons. Therefore, BDNF has been recognized as a therapeutic factor in clinical depression, especially in response to ET. The underlying mechanisms through which ET impacts depression are varied. The aim of this review was to provide information of the biological markers of depression such as monoamines, tryptophan, endocannabinoids, markers of inflammatory processes (oxidative stress and cytokines) stress and sex hormones and their relationship to BDNF. In addition, we reviewed the effects of ET on BNDF expression and how it impacts depression as well as the potential mechanisms mediating this process, providing a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in depression.

Keywords: depression; BDNF; physical activity; exercise training; myokines; mood; cognition; theories of depression (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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