Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep Quality, Stress Level and Health-Related Quality of Life—A Large Prospective Cohort Study on Adult Danes

Maria Didriksen, Thomas Werge, Janna Nissen, Michael Schwinn, Erik Sørensen, Kaspar R. Nielsen, Mie T. Bruun, Karina Banasik, Thomas F. Hansen, Christian Erikstrup, Sisse R. Ostrowski, Poul J. Jennum, Henrik Hjalgrim, Henrik Ullum and Ole B. Pedersen
Additional contact information
Maria Didriksen: Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Thomas Werge: Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Janna Nissen: Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Michael Schwinn: Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Erik Sørensen: Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Kaspar R. Nielsen: Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
Mie T. Bruun: Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
Karina Banasik: Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Thomas F. Hansen: Danish Headache Center, Glostrup Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
Christian Erikstrup: Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
Sisse R. Ostrowski: Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Poul J. Jennum: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
Henrik Hjalgrim: Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
Henrik Ullum: Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Ole B. Pedersen: Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 Køge, Denmark

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-14

Abstract: The everyday lives of Danish inhabitants have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, e.g., by social distancing, which was employed by the government in March 2020 to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the pandemic has entailed economic consequences for many people. This study aims to assess changes in physical and mental health-related quality of life (MCS, PCS), in stress levels, and quality of sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors that impact such changes, using a prospective national cohort study including 26,453 participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study who answered a health questionnaire before the pandemic and during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics, multivariable linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied. A worsening of MCS and quality of sleep was found, and an overall decrease in stress levels was observed. PCS was decreased in men and slightly increased in women. The extent of health changes was mainly affected by changes in job situation, type of job, previous use of anti-depressive medication and the participants’ level of personal stamina. Thus, living under the unusual circumstances that persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the health of the general population. This may, in time, constitute a public health problem.

Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; epidemiology; public health; mental health; sleep (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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