An Ecological Model for High-Risk Professional Decision-Making in Mental Health: International Perspectives

Cheryl Regehr, Guy Enosh and Emily Bosk
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Cheryl Regehr: Factor-Inwentash, Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
Guy Enosh: School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
Emily Bosk: School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-11

Abstract: Mental health professionals are frequently presented with situations in which they must assess the risk that a client will cause harm to themselves or others. Troublingly, however, predictions of risk are remarkably inaccurate even when made by those who are highly skilled and highly trained. Consequently, many jurisdictions have moved to impose standardized decision-making tools aimed at improving outcomes. Using a decision-making ecology framework, this conceptual paper presents research on professional decision-making in situations of risk, using qualitative, survey, and experimental designs conducted in three countries. Results reveal that while risk assessment tools focus on client factors that contribute to the risk of harm to self or others, the nature of professional decision-making is far more complex. That is, the manner in which professionals interpret and describe features of the client and their situation, is influenced by the worker’s own personal and professional experiences, and the organizational and societal context in which they are located. Although part of the rationale of standardized approaches is to reduce complexity, our collective work demonstrates that the power of personal and social processes to shape decision-making often overwhelm the intention to simplify and standardize. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Keywords: mental health; social worker; risk assessment; child welfare; decision-making (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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