Oxidative Stress in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Patricia Tomás-Simó, Luis D’Marco, María Romero-Parra, Mari Carmen Tormos-Muñoz, Guillermo Sáez, Isidro Torregrosa, Nuria Estañ-Capell, Alfonso Miguel, José Luis Gorriz and María Jesús Puchades
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Patricia Tomás-Simó: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Luis D’Marco: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
María Romero-Parra: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Mari Carmen Tormos-Muñoz: Service of Clinical Analysis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología-INCLIVA, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, FISABIO, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Guillermo Sáez: Service of Clinical Analysis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología-INCLIVA, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, FISABIO, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Isidro Torregrosa: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Nuria Estañ-Capell: Service of Clinical Analysis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología-INCLIVA, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, FISABIO, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Alfonso Miguel: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
José Luis Gorriz: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
María Jesús Puchades: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-15

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at any stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, the high rate of cardiovascular mortality observed in these patients is associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis process that likely starts at the early stages of CKD. Thus, traditional and non-traditional or uremic-related factors represent a link between CKD and cardiovascular risk. Among non-conventional risk factors, particular focus has been placed on anaemia, mineral and bone disorders, inflammation, malnutrition and oxidative stress and, in this regard, connections have been reported between oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Methods: We evaluated the oxidation process in different molecular lines (proteins, lipids and genetic material) in 155 non-dialysis patients at different stages of CKD and 45 healthy controls. To assess oxidative stress status, we analyzed oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) and other oxidation indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Results: An active grade of oxidative stress was found from the early stages of CKD onwards, which affected all of the molecular lines studied. We observed a heightened oxidative state (indicated by a higher level of oxidized molecules together with decreased levels of antioxidant molecules) as kidney function declined. Furthermore, oxidative stress-related alterations were significantly greater in CKD patients than in the control group. Conclusions: CKD patients exhibit significantly higher oxidative stress than healthy individuals, and these alterations intensify as eGFR declines, showing significant differences between CKD stages. Thus, future research is warranted to provide clearer results in this area.

Keywords: oxidative stress; chronic kidney disease; cardiovascular disease (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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