Co-Occurrence of Metal Contaminants in United States Public Water Systems in 2013–2015

Alesha K. Thompson, Michele M. Monti and Matthew O. Gribble
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Alesha K. Thompson: Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Michele M. Monti: National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Matthew O. Gribble: Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-7

Abstract: The United States Environmental Protection Agency monitors contaminants in drinking water and consolidates these results in the National Contaminant Occurrence Database. Our objective was to assess the co-occurrence of metal contaminants (total chromium, hexavalent chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt, and strontium) over the years 2013–2015. We used multilevel Tobit regression models with state and water system-level random intercepts to predict the geometric mean of each contaminant occurring in each public water system, and estimated the pairwise correlations of predicted water system-specific geometric means across contaminants. We found that the geometric means of vanadium and total chromium were positively correlated both in large public water systems (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and in small public water systems (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). Further research may address the cumulative human health impacts of ingesting more than one contaminant in drinking water.

Keywords: environmental monitoring; co-occurrence; environmental exposure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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