Pristine and Magnetic Kenaf Fiber Biochar for Cd 2+ Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed, Noorfidza Yub Harun, Suriati Sufian, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb and Haetham G. Mohammed
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Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed: Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 31750, Malaysia
Noorfidza Yub Harun: Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 31750, Malaysia
Suriati Sufian: Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 31750, Malaysia
Muhammad Roil Bilad: Faculty of Integrated Technologies, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Zaki Yamani Zakaria: School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Haetham G. Mohammed: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-20

Abstract: Development of strategies for removing heavy metals from aquatic environments is in high demand. Cadmium is one of the most dangerous metals in the environment, even under extremely low quantities. In this study, kenaf and magnetic biochar composite were prepared for the adsorption of Cd 2+ . The synthesized biochar was characterized using (a vibrating-sample magnetometer VSM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption batch study was carried out to investigate the influence of pH, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics on Cd 2+ adsorption. The characterization results demonstrated that the biochar contained iron particles that help in improving the textural properties (i.e., surface area and pore volume), increasing the number of oxygen-containing groups, and forming inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-containing groups. The adsorption study results show that optimum adsorption was achieved under pH 5–6. An increase in initial ion concentration and solution temperature resulted in increased adsorption capacity. Surface modification of biochar using iron oxide for imposing magnetic property allowed for easy separation by external magnet and regeneration. The magnetic biochar composite also showed a higher affinity to Cd 2+ than the pristine biochar. The adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 47.90 mg/g.

Keywords: adsorption; heavy metals; magnetic biochar; iron oxides; kenaf fiber; synthesis; aqueous solution; cadmium (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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