The Brief Form of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 for Individuals with Visual Impairments

Ali S. Brian, Angela Starrett, Adam Pennell, Pamela Haibach Beach, Sally Taunton Miedema, Alexandra Stribing, Emily Gilbert, Matthew Patey and Lauren J. Lieberman
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Ali S. Brian: Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Angela Starrett: Child Development Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Adam Pennell: Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
Pamela Haibach Beach: SUNY-Brockport, Kinesiology, Sport Studies, and Physical Education, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
Sally Taunton Miedema: Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Alexandra Stribing: Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Emily Gilbert: SUNY-Cortland, Physical Education Department, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
Matthew Patey: Department of Movement Arts, Health Promotion, and Leisure Studies, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02324, USA
Lauren J. Lieberman: SUNY-Brockport, Kinesiology, Sport Studies, and Physical Education, Brockport, NY 14420, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-11

Abstract: Children with visual impairments (VI) tend to struggle with their fundamental motor skills (FMS), and these difficulties often persist across the lifespan, requiring frequent assessment. The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) shows robust psychometric properties for children with VI. The TGMD, which includes 13 skills, is time-consuming to administer and score, warranting the need to explore brief versions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of three, six-skill versions of the TGMD-3 with children with VI. Children ( n = 302; Boys = 58%, Girls = 42%; Mage = 13.00, SD = 2.50 years) with VI (B1 = 27%, B2 = 20%, B3 = 38%, B4 = 15%) participated in this study. We examined three different models using confirmatory factor analyses on the relationships between the motor skills and latent traits across the models. Scores from all three brief versions had acceptable global fit. Although further research should be conducted, practitioners can adopt a brief version of the TGMD to assess children with VI.

Keywords: motor competence; fundamental movement skills; assessment; psychometrics; blindness (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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