Effects of Exercise and Diet on Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes

Edgar Ramos Vieira, Fabricia Azevedo da Costa Cavalcanti, Fernanda Civitella, Monica Hollifield, Stephanie Caceres, Jorge Carreno, Trudy Gaillard, Fatma G. Huffman, Jorge Camilo Mora and Marcos Roberto Queiroga
Additional contact information
Edgar Ramos Vieira: Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Fabricia Azevedo da Costa Cavalcanti: Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil
Fernanda Civitella: Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Monica Hollifield: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Stephanie Caceres: Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Jorge Carreno: Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Trudy Gaillard: Department of Undergraduate Nursing, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Fatma G. Huffman: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Jorge Camilo Mora: Department of Humanities, Health and Society, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
Marcos Roberto Queiroga: Department of Physical Education, Midwestern Parana State University, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-10

Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) affects 9.3% of the U.S. population. Health disparities are evident in DM2; twice as many Hispanics as non-Hispanic Whites have DM2. The objective of this study was to pilot test the feasibility of implementing and evaluating trends of nutrition and exercise interventions to improve diabetes management and physical function in 29 disadvantaged older Hispanics with DM2. We delivered combined diet and exercise ( n = 8) and diet-only ( n = 6) interventions and compared the results to a control/no intervention group ( n = 15). We cluster-randomized the participants into the three arms based on the senior center they attended. The interventions were delivered twice a week for 3 months (24 sessions) and assessments were conducted pre and post intervention. The results indicate the feasibility of implementing the interventions and slight improvements in both intervention groups compared to the control group. The diet-only group tended to have larger improvements on body composition measures (especially in muscle mass), while the diet + exercise group tended to have larger improvements on physical function (especially in chair stands). There was a high rate of attrition, especially in the diet + exercise group, but those who completed the intervention tended to have improvements in body composition and physical function.

Keywords: ethnicity; community dwelling; older adults; diabetes; ethnic groups (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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