Premature Aging in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Outcome of Persistent Inflammation beyond the Bounds

Andrea Figuer, Guillermo Bodega, Patricia Tato, Gemma Valera, Nadia Serroukh, Noemi Ceprian, Patricia de Sequera, Enrique Morales, Julia Carracedo, Rafael Ramírez and Matilde Alique
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Andrea Figuer: Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain/Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
Guillermo Bodega: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Patricia Tato: Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Gemma Valera: Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain/Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
Nadia Serroukh: Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Noemi Ceprian: Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Patricia de Sequera: Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
Enrique Morales: Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Julia Carracedo: Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Rafael Ramírez: Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain/Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
Matilde Alique: Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain/Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-16

Abstract: Over the last hundred years, life expectancy in developed countries has increased because of healthier living habits and the treatment of chronic pathologies causing premature aging. Aging is an inexorable, time-dependent, multifactorial process characterized by a series of progressive and irreversible physiological changes associated with loss of functional, psychological, and social capabilities. Numerous factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular senescence, and an irreversible geriatric syndrome known as frailty, contribute to human body deterioration in aging. The speed of aging may differ between individuals depending on the presence or absence of multiple factors (genetic and/or environment) and the subsequent misbalance of homeostasis, together with the increase of frailty, which also plays a key role in developing chronic diseases. In addition, pathological circumstances have been reported to precipitate or accelerate the aging process. This review investigated the mechanisms involved in the developing pathologies, particularly chronic kidney disease, associated with aging.

Keywords: aging; cellular senescence; chronic kidney disease; elderly; frailty; oxidative stress (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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