Usefulness of Orientation to the Year as an Aid to Case Finding of Mild Cognitive Impairment or Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Hanhee Bae, Sunyoung Kim, Byungsung Kim, Miji Kim, Jisoo Yang, Eunjin Jeong, Yoonki Kim and Changwon Won
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Hanhee Bae: Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
Sunyoung Kim: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
Byungsung Kim: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
Miji Kim: East-West Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
Jisoo Yang: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
Eunjin Jeong: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
Yoonki Kim: Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
Changwon Won: Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-11

Abstract: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression are common and frequently misdiagnosed in older adults in primary care. In particular, depression combined with cognitive dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of dementia. We tried to find the usefulness of orientation to time as an easy case-finding tool for suspecting MCI or depression. This cross-sectional study included 2668 community-dwelling adults aged 70–84 years from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (mean age of 76.0 ± 3.9 years). MCI was defined based on the criteria from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association; depression was defined as a score of ?6 on the Geriatric Depression Scale—Short Form (GDS-SF). Time orientation to year, month, day of the week, date, and season were tested. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of each of MCI and depression was the highest for the orientation to year (MCI, 17.7%; depression, 16.0%). For the diagnosis of MCI or depression, orientation to the year had the highest sensitivity (15.5%), and the specificity, PPV, NPV was 95.5%, 67.0%, 65.5%. In conclusion, asking “what year is it?” can be helpful as an aid to case finding to suspect MCI or depression in community and primary care settings.

Keywords: cognitive dysfunction; depression; orientation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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