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Perfectionism, Motives, and Barriers to Exercise from a Person-Oriented Approach

María Vicent, Ricardo Sanmartín, Carolina Gonzálvez, Oswaldo Vásconez-Rubio and José Manuel García-Fernández
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María Vicent: Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Apdo. Correos, 99, 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
Ricardo Sanmartín: Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Apdo. Correos, 99, 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
Carolina Gonzálvez: Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Apdo. Correos, 99, 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
Oswaldo Vásconez-Rubio: Faculty of Physical Culture, Central University of Ecuador, Av. Mariscal Sucre, Quito 170129, Ecuador
José Manuel García-Fernández: Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Apdo. Correos, 99, 03080 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-16

Abstract: Perfectionism is considered to be a significant personality factor within the sport and exercise field. However, very little is known about the reasons why individuals with different perfectionistic tendencies engage or not in physical activity. This study aims, from a person-oriented approach, to analyze if participation motives and barriers may differ among four perfectionistic profiles: Non-Perfectionists (low perfectionistic strivings, PS, and perfectionistic concerns, PC), Adaptive Perfectionists (high PS and low PC), Maladaptive Perfectionists (high PS and PC), and Moderate Perfectionists (moderate PS and PC). A sample composed of 597 ( M age = 22.08, SD = 3.33) undergraduates enrolled in a sport science degree from Ecuador participated in this study. Non-Perfectionists reported lower levels of motives, whereas Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionists reported higher scores on all participation motives. Significant and positive correlations were found between PS and both autonomous and controlled motives, whereas PC was positively correlated with controlled reasons and only significantly correlated with some autonomous reasons by the effect of PS. In terms of barriers, Maladaptive Perfectionists reported significantly higher scores on all barriers analyzed in comparison with the other three profiles, with moderate and large effect sizes. The results of the bivariate and partial correlations suggest that these inter-profile differences were explained by PC. Considering the results, it is advised to develop strategies to identify Maladaptive Perfectionists in order to increase their intrinsic reasons for practicing physical exercise, and to minimize their perceived barriers.

Keywords: perfectionism; participation motives; barriers; exercise (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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