Impact of Cations (Na +, K +, Mg +2 ) and Anions (F −, Cl −, SO 4 2− ) Leaching from Filters Packed with Natural Zeolite and Ferric Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment

Evelyn Maria Miramontes-Gutierrez, Jesus Manuel Ochoa-Rivero, Hector Osbaldo Rubio-Arias, Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias and Beatriz Adriana Rocha-Gutiérrez
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Evelyn Maria Miramontes-Gutierrez: College of Animal Science and Ecology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico
Jesus Manuel Ochoa-Rivero: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental La Campana, Aldama, Chihuahua 32910, Mexico
Hector Osbaldo Rubio-Arias: College of Animal Production and Ecology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico
Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias: College of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
Beatriz Adriana Rocha-Gutiérrez: College of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-12

Abstract: Natural zeolites have been employed to adsorb contaminants in water. This study is aimed to evaluate the cation and anion leaching from the zeolite after the wastewater was passed through filters packed with a natural zeolite (heulandite-CaAl 2 Si 7 O 18 ·6H 2 O). Eight treatments were evaluated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial treatment design. Factor A was the zeolite with two levels: 127 g and 80.4 g. Factor B was the nanoparticles with two levels: one bag (3.19 g) and two bags (6.39 g); and Factor C was the use of a magnet: with and without. There were two replications; hence, a total of 16 filters were employed. The water was obtained from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP). The cations (Na + , K + ; Mg +2 and Ca +2 ) and anions (F − , Cl − and SO 4 2− ) were measured before (influent = IW) and after filtering (effluent = EW) three times. All treatments leached the cations Na + (EW in a range of 175 to 232 ppm), K + (EW in a range of 15.4 to 33.2 ppm), and Mg +2 (EW in a range of 7.40 to 10.8 ppm) but did not leach Ca +2 . Likewise, the treatments leached the anions F − (EW in a range of 7.59 to 8.87 ppm), Cl − (EW in a range of 85.9 to 120 ppm), and SO 4 2− (EW in a range of 139 to 146 ppm). We conclude that this natural zeolite leaches cations (except Ca +2 ) and anions in MWTP passed through filters. Therefore, its application in wastewater treatment should be considered for purposes such as agriculture and animal production and not for drinking water.

Keywords: natural minerals; Mexican zeolites; leakage; positive ions; negative ions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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