Diabetes Related Distress in Children with Type 1 Diabetes before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spring 2020

Beata Mianowska, Anna Fedorczak, Arkadiusz Michalak, Weronika Pokora, Inga Barańska-Nowicka, Monika Wilczyńska and Agnieszka Szadkowska
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Beata Mianowska: Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
Anna Fedorczak: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital and Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Arkadiusz Michalak: Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
Weronika Pokora: Student Research Group of Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
Inga Barańska-Nowicka: Student Research Group of Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
Monika Wilczyńska: Student Research Group of Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
Agnieszka Szadkowska: Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-10

Abstract: Our aim was to compere diabetes-related distress (DD) in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and in their parents before and during the national COVID-19-related lockdown when schools operated on-line. Problems Areas in Diabetes-Child (PAID-Ch), Teen (PAID-T) and Parent (P-PAID-Ch, P-PAID-T) questionnaires in paper version were used to evaluate DD before COVID-19 pandemic (November 2019–February 2020) and during the lockdown (April 2020) the same surveys were performed by phone. We enrolled 76 patients (median age (Q1–Q3): 13.6 (11.8–15.2) years; 21 children, 55 adolescents; T1DM duration 3.7 (1.7–6.8) years). Initial PAID score was lower in teenage boys than in girls (34.0 (24.0–42.0) vs. 44.5 (40.0–50.5), p = 0.003). In teens PAID score decreased significantly during the lockdown (?3.0 (?11.0–3.0), p = 0.018), more in girls than boys ( p = 0.028). In children (?3.0 (?14.0–7.0), p = 0.131) and parents PAID did not change (teens’ parents: 3.0 (?9.0–10.0), p = 0.376; children’s parents: ?5.0 [?9.0–1.0], p = 0.227). In the studied group COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown was associated with decrease in DD in teens with T1DM, particularly in girls, while no significant change in DD was observed in children or parents. DD decrease in teens during the pandemic should attract attention to the potential “rebound” of DD related to return to regular on-site school routine.

Keywords: COVID-19; diabetes distress; child; type 1 diabetes mellitus; pandemic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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