Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake in Hungarian Elderly: Results from the Cross-Sectional Biomarker2019 Survey

Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy, Andrea Horváth, Anita Varga, Leonóra Zámbó, Andrea Török, Georgina Guba, Nikolett Szilfai, Andrea Zentai and Márta Bakacs
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Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Andrea Horváth: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Anita Varga: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Leonóra Zámbó: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Andrea Török: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Georgina Guba: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Nikolett Szilfai: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Andrea Zentai: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
Márta Bakacs: Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-13

Abstract: High sodium intake and inadequate potassium intake are associated with high blood pressure. The elderly are more salt sensitive than other age groups, yet a reliable estimate of the dietary sodium and potassium intake of this age group in Hungary is unavailable. The study aimed to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes in the Hungarian elderly from 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion. In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected from patients of general practitioners practicing in western Hungary. The participants comprised 99 men and 90 women (mean age 67.1 (SD 5.4] years) who participated in the Biomarker2019 survey and returned a complete 24 h urine collection. We assessed dietary sodium and potassium by determining 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretions and 3-day dietary records. The mean urinary sodium was 188.8 (73.5) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 11.0 g of salt/day; and the mean urinary potassium was 65.8 (24.3) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 3.03 g of potassium/day, after adjusting for non-urinary potassium losses. Only 7% of the subjects met the World Health Organization’s recommended target of less than 5 g of salt/day, and 33% consumed at least the recommended potassium amount of 3.5 g/day, based on the estimates from 24 h urine excretion. For most elderly, sodium intake exceeds, and potassium does not reach, dietary recommendations. The results underline the need to intensify salt reduction efforts in Hungary.

Keywords: Hungary; salt; sodium; potassium; 24 h urinary excretion; elderly (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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