A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Frequency and Risk Factors Associated with Cesarean Section in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Fawad Rasool, Saira Akhtar, Iltaf Hussain, Abdul Majeed, Imran Imran, Hamid Saeed, Muqarrab Akbar, Muhammad Omer Chaudhry, Anees ur Rehman, Waseem Ashraf, Faleh Alqahtani and Hussain Alqhtani
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Muhammad Fawad Rasool: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Saira Akhtar: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Iltaf Hussain: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Abdul Majeed: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Imran Imran: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Hamid Saeed: University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Muqarrab Akbar: Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Muhammad Omer Chaudhry: School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Anees ur Rehman: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Waseem Ashraf: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Faleh Alqahtani: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Hussain Alqhtani: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-11

Abstract: The increasing frequency of cesarean section (CS) is a major public health issue, and it is on the rise in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study approach was used to assess the frequency of CS and its contributing factors, along with the assessment of knowledge in mothers who had undergone CS in one of the under-developed regions of Pakistan. Data collection was done by using a self-developed study questionnaire. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was utilized for the statistical analysis. During the study period, a total of 173 (69.7%) women have given births by CS; among those, 104 (60.1%) were elective/planned CSs while 69 (39.8%) were emergency CSs. The higher CS frequency was significantly associated with younger age ( p = 0.03) and pre-term gestational age ( p < 0.001). Pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and vaginal bleeding, were the significant risk factors for CS ( p < 0.001). The highlighted contributing factors to CS in the current study were preterm of gestational age, mothers of a younger age (20–24 years), and mothers that belong to urban populations. These risk factors can be addressed by implementing community-focused educational interventions during the gestational period. The sample size in this study was small; therefore, the results cannot be generalized to the whole population.

Keywords: cesarean section; maternal care; risk factors; knowledge; mothers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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