Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

Wen-Jiun Chou, Ray C. Hsiao, Chih-Cheng Chang and Cheng-Fang Yen
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Wen-Jiun Chou: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
Ray C. Hsiao: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Chih-Cheng Chang: Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 70246, Taiwan
Cheng-Fang Yen: Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-13

Abstract: This 1-year follow-up study examined the predictive values of the demographics, depressive symptoms, stress-coping orientations, and perceived family support of caregivers as well as the internalizing, externalizing and ADHD symptoms of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at baseline on the depressive symptoms of the caregivers after 1 year. A total of four hundred caregivers of children with ADHD were recruited. The baseline levels of the caregivers’ depressive symptoms, stress-coping orientations, and perceived family support and the internalizing and externalizing problems of the children were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve Index, and the Child Behavior Checklist For Ages 6–18, respectively. Their predictions for the caregiver’s depressive symptoms 1 year after the baseline were examined using linear regression analysis. In total, 382 caregivers of children with ADHD underwent the follow-up assessment 1 year from the baseline. A marital status of being separated or divorced, less effective coping and depressive symptoms orientation, and children with internalizing problems and ADHD symptoms at baseline were positively associated with the caregivers’ depressive symptoms at follow-up, whereas the caregivers’ perceived family support and an emotion-focused coping orientation at baseline were negatively associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. Multiple characteristics of the caregivers and children with ADHD at baseline predicted the caregivers’ depressive symptoms 1 year later.

Keywords: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; behavioral problem; caregiver; depression; family support; predictor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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