Imaging of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Giuditta Chiti, Giulia Grazzini, Diletta Cozzi, Ginevra Danti, Benedetta Matteuzzi, Vincenza Granata, Silvia Pradella, Laura Recchia, Luca Brunese and Vittorio Miele
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Giuditta Chiti: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
Giulia Grazzini: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
Diletta Cozzi: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
Ginevra Danti: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
Benedetta Matteuzzi: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
Vincenza Granata: Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale—IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
Silvia Pradella: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
Laura Recchia: Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
Luca Brunese: Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
Vittorio Miele: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-16

Abstract: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) represent the second most common pancreatic tumors. They are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with varying clinical expression and biological behavior, from indolent to aggressive ones. PanNENs can be functioning or non-functioning in accordance with their ability or not to produce metabolically active hormones. They are histopathologically classified according to the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Although the final diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor relies on histologic examination of biopsy or surgical specimens, both morphologic and functional imaging are crucial for patient care. Morphologic imaging with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for initial evaluation and staging of disease, as well as surveillance and therapy monitoring. Functional imaging techniques with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and positron emission tomography (PET) are used for functional and metabolic assessment that is helpful for therapy management and post-therapeutic re-staging. This article reviews the morphological and functional imaging modalities now available and the imaging features of panNENs. Finally, future imaging challenges, such as radiomics analysis, are illustrated.

Keywords: abdominal radiology; gastrointestinal radiology; pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs); computed tomography (CT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS); positron emission tomography (PET) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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