COVID-19 Screening by Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seropositivity: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Food Intake Quality

Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Patricia Yokogawa-Teraoka, Andrea Carolina Machado-Sulbarán, María Guadalupe Loza-Rojas, Atziri Citlally García-Arredondo, Rafael Tejeda-Constantini, Alejandra Natali Vega-Magaña, Guillermo González-Estevez, Mariel García-Chagollán, José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño and Jorge Hernández-Bello
Additional contact information
Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda: Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
José Francisco Muñoz-Valle: Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Patricia Yokogawa-Teraoka: COVID-19 Health Situation Room, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Andrea Carolina Machado-Sulbarán: Institute for Research in Childhood and Adolescent Cancer (INICIA), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
María Guadalupe Loza-Rojas: Department of Applied Clinical Nursing, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Atziri Citlally García-Arredondo: Department of Applied Clinical Nursing, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Rafael Tejeda-Constantini: Institutional System of Safety, Health and Environment (SISSMA), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Alejandra Natali Vega-Magaña: Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Guillermo González-Estevez: Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Mariel García-Chagollán: Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño: Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Pathology Laboratory, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
Jorge Hernández-Bello: Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-13

Abstract: Developing countries have reported lower molecular diagnostic testing levels due to a lack of resources. Therefore, antibody tests represent an alternative to detect exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and analyze possible risk factors. We aimed to describe and compare the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and the quality of food intake in Mexican individuals with a positive or negative test to antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We carried out antibody tests and applied a survey to 1799 individuals; 42% were positive, and diabetes was more prevalent in these cases ( p < 0.01). No differences were identified in the blood type nor influenza vaccination between groups. Coughing, respiratory distress, muscle pain, joint pain, and anosmia were the most prevalent symptoms among seropositive cases ( p < 0.0001). Food intake quality was similar in both groups, except for the most consumed type of fat ( p = 0.006). In conclusion, this study supports the association of diabetes as a principal risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Mexican population. The results do not support previous associations between blood group or influenza vaccination as protective factors against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, frequent consumption of polyunsaturated fats is highlighted as a new possible associated factor with COVID-19, which more studies should corroborate as with all novel findings.

Keywords: COVID-19; serological testing; clinical characteristics; food intake quality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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