Diagnostic Concordance between Optical Coherence Tomography and Histological Investigations for Immune-Mediated Desquamative Gingivitis: Observational Study

Vera Panzarella, Alessia Bartolone, Rita Coniglio, Vito Rodolico, Laura Maniscalco, Giorgia Capocasale, Martina Iurato Carbone and Giuseppina Campisi
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Vera Panzarella: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Alessia Bartolone: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Rita Coniglio: Sector of Oral Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) “Paolo Giaccone” of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Vito Rodolico: Department ProMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Laura Maniscalco: Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Giorgia Capocasale: Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Policlinico “G. B. Rossi” of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
Martina Iurato Carbone: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Giuseppina Campisi: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-10

Abstract: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) denotes a heterogeneous immune-mediated disease for which early diagnosis represents a great challenge. The main aim of this study is to validate diagnostic concordance between specific Optical Coherence Tomography (OTC) patterns for DG related to oral Lichen Planus (OLP), Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), and Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) and definitive histological diagnosis. Forty-three patients with suspected immune-mediated DGs, were progressively recruited. Before biopsy, an OCT preliminary evaluation was performed using specific pre-determined OCT diagnostic patterns (i.e., morphology and localization of blisters, status of the basal membrane, epithelial thickness, presence/absence of acantholytic cells into blister and/or inflammatory infiltrate) related to OLP, PV and MMP. After histological confirmation, OCT and histological diagnoses were compared. Using pre-determined patterns, OCT diagnoses of DGs were: 22 (51%) OLP, of which 11 (26%) were with the bullous variant, 4 (9%) PV and 6 (14%) MMP. The same diagnoses were found by histological investigations (with the main OCT discriminatory potential for the bullous variant of OLP). The concordance between the two diagnostic methods was confirmed by the Fisher exact test ( p -value < 0.01). These specific OCT patterns show a diagnostic reliability in 100% of the cases investigated, suggesting their accuracy to support the complex diagnosis and management of immune-mediated DGs.

Keywords: tomography; optical coherence; desquamative gingivitis; immune-mediated diseases; diagnosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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