Zoonotic Risk of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Animal-Assisted Interventions: Laboratory Strategies for the Diagnosis of Infections in Humans and Animals

Antonio Santaniello, Ilaria Cimmino, Ludovico Dipineto, Ayewa Lawoe Agognon, Francesco Beguinot, Pietro Formisano, Alessandro Fioretti, Lucia Francesca Menna and Francesco Oriente
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Antonio Santaniello: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy
Ilaria Cimmino: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Ludovico Dipineto: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy
Ayewa Lawoe Agognon: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Francesco Beguinot: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Pietro Formisano: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Alessandro Fioretti: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy
Lucia Francesca Menna: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy
Francesco Oriente: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-16

Abstract: The involvement of animals for therapeutic purposes has very ancient roots. To date, it is clear that animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), in addition to ensuring the replacement of missing or deficient affects, improves psychophysiological parameters connected to human health. However, AAI could potentially present risks related to the transmission of infectious agents from animals to humans. Among these microorganisms, E. cuniculi is a microspore which induces pathological effects (fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathlessness, respiratory symptoms, and weakness) in both humans and animals. Consequently, an accurate and fast diagnosis of E. cuniculi infection, as well as the identification of new diagnostic approaches, is of fundamental importance. This literature review was carried out to provide an extensive and comprehensive analysis of the most recent diagnostic techniques to prevent and care for E. cuniculi -associated risks in the AAI field.

Keywords: zoonosis; E. cuniculi; laboratory diagnosis; Microsporidium; animal assisted interventions (AAIs); one health; patient (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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