Air Pollution, Residential Greenness and Metabolic Dysfunction during Early Pregnancy in the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Cohort

Amal Rammah, Kristina W. Whitworth, Christopher I. Amos, Marisa Estarlich, Mònica Guxens, Jesús Ibarluzea, Carmen Iñiguez, Mikel Subiza-Pérez, Martine Vrijheid and Elaine Symanski
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Amal Rammah: Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Kristina W. Whitworth: Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Christopher I. Amos: Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Marisa Estarlich: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Mònica Guxens: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Jesús Ibarluzea: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Carmen Iñiguez: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Mikel Subiza-Pérez: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Martine Vrijheid: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Elaine Symanski: Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-12

Abstract: Despite extensive study, the role of air pollution in gestational diabetes remains unclear, and there is limited evidence of the beneficial impact of residential greenness on metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy. We used data from mothers in the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project from 2003–2008. We obtained spatiotemporally resolved estimates of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposures in early pregnancy and estimated residential greenness using satellite-based Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100, 300 and 500 m buffers surrounding the mother’s residence. We applied logistic regression models to evaluate associations between each of the three exposures of interest and (a) glucose intolerance and (b) abnormal lipid levels. We found limited evidence of associations between increases in PM 2.5 and NO 2 exposures and the metabolic outcomes. Though not statistically significant, high PM 2.5 exposure (?25 µg/m 3 ) was associated with increased odds of glucose intolerance (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.63) and high cholesterol (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.44). High NO 2 exposure (?39.8 µg/m 3 ) was inversely associated with odds of high triglycerides (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.45, 1.08). Whereas NDVI was not associated with glucose intolerance, odds of high triglycerides were increased, although the results were highly imprecise. Results were unchanged when the air pollutant variables were included in the regression models. Given the equivocal findings in our study, additional investigations are needed to assess effects of air pollution and residential greenness on metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy.

Keywords: PM 2.5; NO 2; residential greenness; gestational diabetes; GDM; lipids (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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