Recycling of Expired Ceftamil Drug as Additive in the Copper and Nickel Electrodeposition from Acid Baths

Delia-Andrada Duca, Mircea Laurențiu Dan and Nicolae Vaszilcsin
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Delia-Andrada Duca: Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timișoara, 300223 Timișoara, Romania
Mircea Laurențiu Dan: Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timișoara, 300223 Timișoara, Romania
Nicolae Vaszilcsin: Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timișoara, 300223 Timișoara, Romania

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-14

Abstract: Due to the large quantity of expired and unused drugs worldwide, pharmaceutical disposal has become a serious problem that requires increased attention. In the present paper, the study on recycling ceftazidime (CZ) as an additive in copper and nickel electrodeposition from acid baths is highlighted. CZ is the active substance from expired commercial drug Ceftamil ® . Its electrochemical behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry. As well, kinetic parameters for copper and nickel electrodeposition were determined using Tafel plots method at different temperatures and CZ concentrations in these acid baths. The activation energy was calculated from Arrhenius plots. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the charge transfer resistance and coverage degree in the electrolyte solutions at several potential values. Gibbs free energy values, calculated from Langmuir adsorption isotherms, revealed the chemical nature of CZ–electrode surface interactions. The favorable effect of the organic molecules added in copper and nickel electroplating baths was emphasized by optical microscope images. The morphology of the obtained deposits without and with 10 ?4 mol L ?1 CZ was compared. The experimental results revealed that expired Ceftamil ® is suitable as additive in copper and nickel electroplating processes from acid baths.

Keywords: expired drug; drug recycling; electroplating additive; levelling agent; galvanotechnics; Tafel method; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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