Hypertension in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome—Age, Weight Status, and Disease Severity

Hai-Hua Chuang, Jen-Fu Hsu, Chao-Yung Wang, Li-Pang Chuang, Min-Chi Chen, Ning-Hung Chen, Yu-Shu Huang, Hsueh-Yu Li and Li-Ang Lee
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Hai-Hua Chuang: Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch and Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
Jen-Fu Hsu: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
Chao-Yung Wang: Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
Li-Pang Chuang: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
Min-Chi Chen: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
Ning-Hung Chen: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
Yu-Shu Huang: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
Hsueh-Yu Li: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
Li-Ang Lee: College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-17

Abstract: Older age, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are known to increase the risk of hypertension in adults. However, data for children are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between hypertension, age, weight status, and disease severity in 396 children with OSAS. The prevalence rates of hypertension, obesity, and severe OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index ?10) were 27.0%, 28.0%, and 42.9%, respectively. Weight z-score and apnea-hypopnea index were independently correlated with systolic blood pressure z-score, and minimal blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) was independently associated with diastolic blood pressure z-score. Overall, late childhood/adolescence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.05–2.81), obesity (OR, 2.58, 95% CI = 1.58–4.22), and severe OSAS (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.48–3.81) were independent predictors of pediatric hypertension. Furthermore, late childhood/adolescence (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.10–5.71) and abnormal SpO 2 (mean SpO 2 < 95%; OR = 4.91, 95% CI = 1.81–13.27) independently predicted hypertension in obese children, and severe OSAS (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.27–4.10) independently predicted hypertension in non-obese children. In conclusion, obesity, OSAS severity, and abnormal SpO 2 are potentially modifiable targets to improve hypertension while treating children with OSAS.

Keywords: age; apnea-hypopnea index; blood oxygen saturation; children; hypertension; obesity; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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