Long-Term Changes in Older Adults’ Independence Levels for Performing Activities of Daily Living in Care Settings: A Nine-Year Follow-Up Study

Takuhiro Okabe, Makoto Suzuki, Naoki Iso, Koji Tanaka, Akira Sagari, Hironori Miyata, Gwanghee Han, Michio Maruta, Takayuki Tabira and Masahiro Kawagoe
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Takuhiro Okabe: Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, 2-15-1 Inariyama, Sayama 350-1398, Japan
Makoto Suzuki: Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, 2-15-1 Inariyama, Sayama 350-1398, Japan
Naoki Iso: Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, 2-15-1 Inariyama, Sayama 350-1398, Japan
Koji Tanaka: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showamachi, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan
Akira Sagari: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
Hironori Miyata: Department of Rehabilitation, Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325, Izumimachi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
Gwanghee Han: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
Michio Maruta: Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation, Sanshukai, Okatsu Hospital, 3-95, Masagohonmachi, Kagoshima 890-0067, Japan
Takayuki Tabira: Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Masahiro Kawagoe: Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820, Sannomiya, Koshigaya 343-8540, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-13

Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the variability in the independence profiles of specific activities of daily living (ADL) among older men and women. The research subjects were 5872 older adults (1143 men and 4729 women) certified as requiring nursing care or support (based on data obtained from the nursing care insurance certification survey database) who could be surveyed in both 2009 and 2018. Using item response theory, this study compared longitudinal data of difficulties faced by older adults during ADL. The results indicated that among the long-term care insurance-certified persons, in 2009, men had higher ADL difficulty than women in all ADL items, and in 2018, there was no significant difference in items other than dressing and excretion. Furthermore, the difference in the rate of ADL difficulty level over 9 years was significantly higher in women than in men. It was shown that the progression of ADL disability due to aging is faster in men on a yearly basis, but it increases in women with aging. Therefore, it was suggested that the rate of ADL difficulty varies depending on age and sex.

Keywords: activities of daily living; aged; longitudinal studies; long-term care; insurance; care prevention (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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