Association between Urban Upbringing and Compulsive Internet Use in Japan: A Cross-Sectional, Multilevel Study with Retrospective Recall

Naonori Yasuma, Daisuke Nishi, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hanako Ishikawa, Hisateru Tachimori, Tadashi Takeshima, Maki Umeda and Norito Kawakami
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Naonori Yasuma: Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Daisuke Nishi: Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Kazuhiro Watanabe: Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
Hanako Ishikawa: Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Hisateru Tachimori: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
Tadashi Takeshima: Kawasaki City Inclusive Rehabilitation Center, Kawasaki 210-0005, Kanagawa, Japan
Maki Umeda: Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community, University of Hyogo, Akashi 673-8588, Hyogo, Japan
Norito Kawakami: Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-9

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to show the association between urban upbringing and compulsive internet use (CIU). The interview data of the sample (N = 2431) was obtained from the World Mental Health Japan Second Survey and a multilevel model was used to investigate the association. Multiple imputation was also conducted in this study. Growing up in a large city was significantly associated with higher Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) scores (? = 1.65, Standard Error (SE) = 0.45) and Mild CIU + Severe CIU (Exp(?) = 1.44; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (1.04–2.00)) compared to growing up in a small municipality after adjusting for both sociodemographic characteristics and psychopathology. This study showed a possible association between urban upbringing and CIU. Future studies with longitudinal design are needed to better understand this association.

Keywords: urban upbringing; compulsive internet use; hierarchical model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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