Polish Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Lower Limb Functional Index (LLFI) Demonstrates a Valid Outcome Measure for the Lower Limb Region and Joints

Agnieszka Bejer, Agnieszka Bieś, Sylwia Kyc, Magdalena Lorenc, Piotr Mataczyński, Elżbieta Domka-Jopek, Markus Melloh and Charles Philip Gabel
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Agnieszka Bejer: Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Agnieszka Bieś: Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Sylwia Kyc: Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Magdalena Lorenc: Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Piotr Mataczyński: Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Elżbieta Domka-Jopek: Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Markus Melloh: Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
Charles Philip Gabel: Access Physiotherapy, Coolum Beach, QLD 4573, Australia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-14

Abstract: This study aimed to perform linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation to establish a Polish version of the Lower Limb Functional Index (LLFI) as well as an evaluation of the psychometric properties. This was a two-stage, cross-sectional study. The first stage—linguistic and cultural adaptation, complied with the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines to produce the Lower Limb Functional Index, Polish version (LLFI-PL). The subjects were recruited to the second stage of the study from a sample of convenience ( n = 125, age x - = 52.86 ± 19.53 years, 56% female, symptoms duration x - = 17.69 ± 18.39 weeks). Baseline reliability was performed on the LLFI-PL with retest period at 3–7 days. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), EuroQol Health Questionnaire 5-Dimensions 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), and an 11-point Pain Numerical Rating Scale (P-NRS) were completed to assess the validity of the LLFI-PL. Statistical analysis showed high internal consistency (? = 0.94), and excellent test–retest reliability (ICC 2.1 = 0.96). The measurement error was SEM = 1.69% with MDC 90 = 3.93%. Construct validity demonstrated strong correlations between the LLFI-PL and WOMAC (r = 0.81) and moderate correlations with the EQ-5D-5L ( r = ?0.63) and P-NRS ( r = ?0.39). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a single-factor structure. The LLFI-PL is a psychometrically sound questionnaire for Polish-speaking patients with lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. The results support findings from the previous original English, Spanish, and Turkish versions.

Keywords: lower limb functional index; outcome measure; linguistic adaptation; psychometrics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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