Effects of Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate-Based Varnishes in Children at High Risk of Tooth Decay: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Andrea Poza-Pascual, Clara Serna-Muñoz, Amparo Pérez-Silva, Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto, Inmaculada Cabello and Antonio José Ortiz-Ruiz
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Andrea Poza-Pascual: Department of Stomatology I, School of Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Lejona, Spain
Clara Serna-Muñoz: Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
Amparo Pérez-Silva: Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto: Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
Inmaculada Cabello: Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
Antonio José Ortiz-Ruiz: Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-15

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the application of two varnishes—MI Varnish (5% sodium fluoride with CPP-ACP) and Clinpro White Varnish (5% sodium fluoride with fTCP)—applied every three months in children with high caries risk for 12 months on plaque indexes, salivary pH, salivary lactic acid and chemical elements concentrations. Methods: We included 58 children aged 4–12 years, assigned to control (placebo), Clinpro and MI groups. Baseline and three-month saliva samples were taken. We assessed changes in pH, lactic acid concentrations and chemical elements in saliva. Results: At 12 months, all groups showed a nonsignificant increase in pH levels and a reduction in lactic acid, which was greatest in the placebo group. There was a significant reduction in 24 Mg ( p = <0.001), 31 P ( p = 0.033) and 66 Zn ( p = 0.005) levels in the placebo group ( p ? 0.05), but not in the other elements studied: 23 Na, 27 Al, 39 K, 44 Ca, 52 Cr, 55 Mn, 57 Fe, 59 Co, 63 Cu, 75 As, 111 Cd, 137 Ba, 208 Pb and 19 F. Conclusions: Neither pH, lactic acid concentrations or most salivary chemical elements were useful in defining patients at high risk of caries or in monitoring the effect of MI Varnish and Clinpro White Varnish after three-month application for 12 months. However, the appearance of new cavities was stopped, and the hygiene index improved, probably due to hygienic and dietary measures and the use of fluoridated toothpaste. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN13681286.

Keywords: saliva; remineralization; phosphate-based varnishes; caries; high risk of caries; varnish; fluoride; pH; lactic acid; chemical elements (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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