Does Long-Term Training in a Water Immersion Environment Change Interoception?

Yasuhiro Baba, Daisuke Sato, Naofumi Otsuru, Koyuki Ikarashi, Tomomi Fujimoto and Koya Yamashiro
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Yasuhiro Baba: Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
Daisuke Sato: Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
Naofumi Otsuru: Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
Koyuki Ikarashi: Major in Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
Tomomi Fujimoto: Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
Koya Yamashiro: Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-14

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate individual interoception by comparing the responses of swimmers and baseball players when exposed to specific water environments, depending on training content and environment. Forty-eight healthy male university students were evaluated for their interoceptive response (accuracy, sensibility, and awareness) and heart rate following 25 min of water immersion (WI) at 35 °C. We assessed three conditions: pre-WI, during WI, and post-WI. The results indicated that interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) did not differ between groups because both swimming and baseball do not require emotional expression, as opposed to an activity such as dance. The heart rate was significantly decreased at post-WI compared to that at pre-WI. The IAcc of post-WI presented as higher than that of pre-WI. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the ratio of IAcc and that of HR among subjects. Moreover, the attention regulation subscale of the MAIA changed in the WI environment and the ratio of IAcc was negatively correlated with that of the not-distracting subscale of the MAIA. These results suggested that interoception did not differ among the athletes who had long-term training, which enabled them to acquire multi-modal sensorimotor integration, compared to that of non-athlete control participants. We conclude that interoception did not differ among athletes who had long-term training compared to that of non-athlete control participants.

Keywords: interoceptive accuracy; water immersion; heart rate; heartbeat counting task; swimmer; baseball player; interoception (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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