Global Gender Disparities in Premature Death from Cardiovascular Disease, and Their Associations with Country Capacity for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control

Ji Zhang, Yinzi Jin, Peng Jia, Na Li and Zhi-Jie Zheng
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Ji Zhang: Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Yinzi Jin: Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Peng Jia: School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Na Li: Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Zhi-Jie Zheng: Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-13

Abstract: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of gender disparity in cardiovascular disease and explore its association with a country’s capacity for controlling noncommunicable diseases. Study data were extracted from the Global Health Estimates, and the Noncommunicable Disease Country Capacity Survey. Age-standardized premature death rates from cardiovascular disease, defined as any death occurring from ages 30 to 70 years, were calculated. Univariate and multivariate general linear regression models were fitted to estimate the correlations between gender disparity and country capacity for noncommunicable disease control. Globally, the premature death rate from cardiovascular diseases was 35.6% higher among men than women in 2000, and the figure hardly changed from 2000 to 2016. The highest gender differences were observed in Europe and high-income countries. The existence of dedicated and multisectoral noncommunicable disease governance bodies and the availability of cardiovascular disease stratification in primary healthcare facilities were positively correlated with gender differences. Conclusively, gender disparities in premature death rates from cardiovascular diseases differed with economic conditions and across geographic regions, with higher relative differences observed in more developed countries. The effects of existing control measures may have plateaued in men but are ongoing among women, especially in more developed countries, widening the gender disparity.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; premature death; gender disparity; noncommunicable disease control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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