Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review

Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco, Nelly Molina-Frechero, Martina Nevárez-Rascón, Leonor Sánchez-Pérez, Aida Hamdan-Partida, Rogelio González-González, Diana Cassi, Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza and Ronell Bologna-Molina
Additional contact information
Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco: Dental Sciences, Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Nelly Molina-Frechero: Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Martina Nevárez-Rascón: Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
Leonor Sánchez-Pérez: Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Aida Hamdan-Partida: Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Rogelio González-González: Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State (UJED), Durango 34000, Mexico
Diana Cassi: Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza: Institute of Research in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinics, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara (UdG), Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47650, Mexico
Ronell Bologna-Molina: Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State (UJED), Durango 34000, Mexico

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Fluorides are compounds that can be found in the minerals of soil with volcanic rocks. Different populations are exposed to high levels of fluorides through drinking water that, due to their chronic intake, cause several types of damage to health. Nails and hair, denominated as recent biomarkers, have been employed for monitoring systemic fluoride from long-term exposure to fluorides. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use of recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic fluoride levels in exposed populations and verify their validity in the measurement of the fluorine (F − ) concentration within the body. A digital search was performed in the databases PubMed/Medline, Springer Link, Cochrane, and Scopus of original articles that employed recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic F − . Seventeen articles were included in this analysis; the recorded variables were the F − amount in each assessed biomarker, source of exposure, and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI). TDFI was associated with F − in nails and hair, as well as the exposure through drinking water. In conclusion, recent biomarkers are adequate for monitoring the systemic fluoride levels by evaluating the chronic/subchronic exposure through different sources, mainly drinking water, considering nails better than hair for this purpose.

Keywords: fluoride biomarkers; recent biomarkers; nails; hair (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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