Aberrant Mechanical Efficiency during Exercise Relates to Metabolic Health and Exercise Intolerance in Adolescents with Obesity

Wouter M. A. Franssen, Guy Massa, Bert O. Eijnde, Paul Dendale, Dominique Hansen and Kenneth Verboven
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Wouter M. A. Franssen: REVAL—Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Guy Massa: BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Bert O. Eijnde: BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Paul Dendale: BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Dominique Hansen: REVAL—Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Kenneth Verboven: REVAL—Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-12

Abstract: Background. Mechanical efficiency (ME) might be an important parameter evaluating cardiometabolic health and the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in individuals with obesity. However, whether these cardiometabolic risk factors may relate to ME in adolescents with obesity is not known yet. Therefore, this study aims to compare the mechanical efficiency during maximal exercise testing between adolescents with obesity and lean adolescents, and to examine associations with exercise tolerance and metabolic health. Methods. Twenty-nine adolescents with obesity (BMI SDS: 2.11 ± 0.32, age: 13.4 ± 1.1 years, male/female: 15/14) and 29 lean (BMI SDS: ?0.16 ± 0.84, age: 14.0 ± 1.5 years, male/female: 16/13) adolescents performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test from which the net mechanical efficiency (ME net ) and substrate oxidation (carbohydrates and lipids) were calculated. Indicators for peak performance were collected. Biochemistry (lipid profile, glycaemic control, inflammation, leptin) was studied in fasted blood samples. Regression analyses were applied to examine relations between ME net and exercise tolerance or blood variables in the total group. Results. Peak work rate (WR peak ), oxygen uptake ( V ? O 2 peak )/WR peak , ME, and ME net were significantly lower ( p < 0.05) in adolescents with obesity compared to their lean counterparts ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, a reduced ME net was independently related to a lower WR peak (SC ? = 2.447; p < 0.001) and elevated carbohydrate oxidation during exercise (SC ? = ?0.497; p < 0.001), as well as to elevated blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SC ? = ?0.275; p = 0.034) and fasting glucose (SC ? = ?0.256; p = 0.049) concentration. Conclusion. In adolescents with obesity, the mechanical efficiency is lowered during exercise and this relates to exercise intolerance and a worse metabolic health.

Keywords: exercise tolerance; mechanical efficiency; physical fitness; metabolic risk factors; adolescents (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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