Higher Neighborhood Population Density Is Associated with Lower Potassium Intake in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

David B. Hanna, Simin Hua, Franklyn Gonzalez, Kiarri N. Kershaw, Andrew G. Rundle, Linda V. Van Horn, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Marc D. Gellman, Gina S. Lovasi, Robert C. Kaplan, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani and Pamela A. Shaw
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David B. Hanna: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Simin Hua: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Franklyn Gonzalez: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Kiarri N. Kershaw: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Andrew G. Rundle: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Linda V. Van Horn: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
Judith Wylie-Rosett: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Marc D. Gellman: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
Gina S. Lovasi: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urban Health Collective, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Robert C. Kaplan: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
Pamela A. Shaw: Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-17

Abstract: Current U.S. dietary guidelines recommend a daily potassium intake of 3400 mg/day for men and 2600 mg/day for women. Sub-optimal access to nutrient-rich foods may limit potassium intake and increase cardiometabolic risk. We examined the association of neighborhood characteristics related to food availability with potassium intake in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). 13,835 participants completed a 24-h dietary recall assessment and had complete covariates. Self-reported potassium intake was calibrated with an objective 24-h urinary potassium biomarker, using equations developed in the SOL Nutrition & Physical Activity Assessment Study (SOLNAS, N = 440). Neighborhood population density, median household income, Hispanic/Latino diversity, and a retail food environment index by census tract were obtained. Linear regression assessed associations with 24-h potassium intake, adjusting for individual-level and neighborhood confounders. Mean 24-h potassium was 2629 mg/day based on the SOLNAS biomarker and 2702 mg/day using multiple imputation and HCHS/SOL biomarker calibration. Compared with the lowest quartile of neighborhood population density, living in the highest quartile was associated with a 26% lower potassium intake in SOLNAS (adjusted fold-change 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.94) and a 39% lower intake in HCHS/SOL (adjusted fold-change 0.61 95% CI 0.45–0.84). Results were only partially explained by the retail food environment. The mechanisms by which population density affects potassium intake should be further studied.

Keywords: potassium; nutrition; neighborhood; population density; Hispanic Americans; Latinos; food environment; built environment; regression calibration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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