Association between Weight Loss and Food Form in Older Individuals Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study

Akemi Endo, Yutaka Watanabe, Takae Matsushita, Kazutaka Okada, Yuki Ohara, Masanori Iwasaki, Kayoko Ito, Junko Nakajima, Yasuyuki Iwasa, Masataka Itoda, Rikimaru Sasaki, Yasuhiro Nishi, Junichi Furuya, Yoshihiko Watanabe, George Umemoto, Masako Kishima, Hirohiko Hirano, Yuji Sato, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida and Yutaka Yamazaki
Additional contact information
Akemi Endo: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
Yutaka Watanabe: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
Takae Matsushita: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
Kazutaka Okada: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
Yuki Ohara: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
Masanori Iwasaki: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
Kayoko Ito: Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
Junko Nakajima: Department of Oral Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
Yasuyuki Iwasa: Department of Dentistry, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan
Masataka Itoda: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka 573-1144, Japan
Rikimaru Sasaki: Rehabilitation Clinic for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan
Yasuhiro Nishi: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Junichi Furuya: Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
Yoshihiko Watanabe: Department of Healthcare Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi 981-8522, Japan
George Umemoto: Swallowing Disorders Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
Masako Kishima: Wakakusa-Tatsuma Rehabilitation Hospital, Osaka 574-0012, Japan
Hirohiko Hirano: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
Yuji Sato: Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
Mitsuyoshi Yoshida: Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
Yutaka Yamazaki: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-10

Abstract: Changing the food form for older adults requiring nursing care from a regular to dysphagia diet is thought to impact their nutritional status. We assessed the association between changes in food form and weight loss over 1 year in older adults. Older adults residing in long-term care facilities in Japan ( n = 455) who participated in the baseline (2018) and follow-up (2019) surveys were divided into two groups (regular diet, n = 284; dysphagia diet, n = 171). The regular diet group was further divided into the weight loss ( n = 80; weight loss ?5% over 1 year) and weight maintenance ( n = 204; weight loss <5%) groups. After 1 year, the Barthel Index significantly decreased, and the proportion of participants who switched from a regular diet to a dysphagia diet significantly increased in the weight loss group than in the weight maintenance group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that Barthel index variation (odds ratio (OR): 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94?0.99), change from a regular diet to a dysphagia diet (OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 1.87?10.41), and body weight at baseline (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01?1.11) were significantly associated with weight loss. Our results suggest that maintaining the food form inhibits weight loss and improves health outcomes in older adults.

Keywords: food form; long-term care facility; nursing care; oral function; swallowing function; weight loss (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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