Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms Seem Not to Influence the Outcome of an Enhanced Agonist Opioid Treatment: A 30-Year Follow-Up

Angelo G. I. Maremmani, Pasqualina Rocco, Filippo Della Rocca, Giulio Perugi, Mario Miccoli and Icro Maremmani
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Angelo G. I. Maremmani: North-Western Tuscany Local Health Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Tuscany NHS, Versilia Zone, 55049 Viareggio, Italy
Pasqualina Rocco: Drug Addiction Unit, 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Italy
Filippo Della Rocca: School of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Giulio Perugi: VP Dole Dual Disorder Research Group, 2nd Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Mario Miccoli: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Icro Maremmani: Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-13

Abstract: The role of opioids and opioid medications in ADHD symptoms is still largely understudied. We tested the hypothesis that, in Heroin Use Disorder (HUD), when patients are treated with Agonist Opioid medications (AOT), treatment outcome is associated with the presence of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (A-ADHD) symptomatology. A retrospective cohort study of 130 HUD patients in Castelfranco Veneto, Italy, covering 30 years, was divided into two groups according to the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) score and compared them using demographic, clinical and pharmacological factors. Survival in treatment was studied by utilizing the available data for leaving treatment and relapsing into addictive behavior and for mortality during treatment as poor primary outcomes. Thirty-five HUD subjects (26.9%) were unlikely to have A-ADHD symptomatology, and 95 (73.1%) were likely to have it. Only current age and co-substance use at treatment entry differed significantly between groups. Censored patients were 29 (82.9%) for HUD patients and 70 (73.9%) for A-ADHD/HUD patients (Mantel-Cox test = 0.66 p = 0.415). There were no significant linear trends indicative of a poorer outcome with the presence of A-ADHD after adjustment for demographic, clinical and pharmacological factors. Conclusions: ADHD symptomatology does not seem to exert any influence on the retention in AOT of HUD patients.

Keywords: agonist opioid treatment outcome; A-ADHD symptomatology; heroin addiction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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