Psychological Factors, Leisure Activities, and Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eleven Spanish-Speaking Countries

Paula Hidalgo-Andrade, Clara Paz, Carlos Hermosa-Bosano, Javier García-Manglano, Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer, Claudia López-Madrigal, Cecilia Serrano and Aurelio Fernández-Zapico
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Paula Hidalgo-Andrade: Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170517, Ecuador
Clara Paz: Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170517, Ecuador
Carlos Hermosa-Bosano: Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170517, Ecuador
Javier García-Manglano: Instituto Cultura y Sociedad, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer: Facultad de Comunicación, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Claudia López-Madrigal: Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Cecilia Serrano: Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Católica de Milán, 20123 Milán, Italy
Aurelio Fernández-Zapico: Instituto Cultura y Sociedad, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-18

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the effects of several psychological factors (self-esteem, self-control, and emotional stability) over lifestyle-related variables (time spent on leisure activities) and the levels of satisfaction (family, friends, work, and leisure satisfaction) experienced during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data for this article were retrieved as part of a cross-sectional international study conducted in eleven Spanish-speaking countries between March and September 2020. The analyses were conducted using the responses of 9500 persons (65.95% women, 34.05% men). Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect effects of the psychological variables on satisfaction variables mediated by the time engaged in leisure activities. Our model indicated that psychological factors significantly predicted the amount of time spent in leisure activities and satisfaction. Overall, results indicate that self-esteem is a relevant psychological factor to consider in the development of psychological interventions directed at promoting healthy lifestyles. Nevertheless, further research is needed to validate the direction of the associations found in this study.

Keywords: lifestyle; COVID-19; satisfaction; leisure; self-esteem; self-control; emotional stability; psychological factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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